Anyone know any of them? More specifically, how to overthrow a kingdom?
War seems inevitable but are there alternative ways, and avoid politics?Because my brain might not process much and probably drag on the story.
To overthrow a kingdom, you need the following:
1. A just cause
It can be anything, such as high taxation, unfair or bad laws, or discrimination. In a functioning society, people would be able to voice out their disagreements and be heard, but when they can't, they find other ways.
2. Negative public sentiments
It can be disagreement with how the kingdom uses public funds, the wars the kingdom are in, the treatment of the common people or maybe the people are just plain unhappy with the kingdom.
3. Powerful support
It doesn't mean you need the support of dukes or the military. The Chinese dynasties have mostly started to fall when the people stopped supporting them, some outright rebelling against them. You can argue that the military is well armed, but outnumbered 100 to 1, there's not much they can do, even if the people is only armed with farming implements. This is especially true in a medieval setting, as the difference between a shovel and a spear is not that far.
4. An impetus
Just because the people are disagreeable with the kingdom, doesn't mean they will rebel right away. In most cases, no matter how bad the situation is, most people would keep their heads low and obey the status quo. After all, if they rebel, things might become even worse. For these people to rebel, they need a massive shock in their lives. Such as maybe the execution of their benevolent mayor's family.
5. Force of arms
While even the army won't be able to do anything if peasants outnumber them 100 to 1, that is rarely to happen unless the situation has gotten too bad. After all, people are not chess pieces. People don't want to die. Going against the kingdom will mean many of them will die. If you want them to rebel, you have to give them a motivation, such as "They're going to kill you anyway, might as well kill them first so that they won't be able to harm your family." You can also give them the illusion that they might survive by giving them weapons, a weapon being anything from magic, cannons, guns, monsters or whatever else that makes them think, "With this, I might survive if the army gets involved."
6. A figurehead
A rebellion will not form without a figurehead. Even if a rebellion is to occur without an existing figurehead, or if the figurehead is executed, there will always be someone calling the shots or rising up to the challenge to give the movement a direction. A rebellion is not just a bunch of people burning stuff around. A rebellion is itself an organic organization, and while it may be an anarchic organization, even anarchy requires a direction or motivation. Who would produce goods? Who would supply food to the rebellion? Sooner or later, these issues will become a problem and someone will be put in charge of those, and when someone gains any amount of power or influence in an anarchy, there will be someone calling the shots or the rebellion will eventually settle down and disappear.